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Chapter 01. Phonology
01 Consonants
1. The Vocal Tract
2. Place of Articulation
©ç Bilabial
©è Labiodental
©é Interdental
©ê Alveolar
©ë Palatal
©ì Velar
©í Glottal
3. Manner of Articulation
©ç Stops
©è Fricatives
©é Affricates
©ê Nasals
©ë Liquids
©ì Glides (= Semi-vowels)
02 Vowels
1. Vowels
©ç Tongue Height
©è Tongue Advancement
©é Tenseness
©ê Lip Rounding
2. Diphthongs
03 Distinctive Features
1. Distinctive Features (1)
©ç Syllabic (syl)
©è Sonorant (son)
©é Consonantal (cons)
©ê Continuant (cont)
©ë Strident
©ì Delayed Release
©í Nasal (nas)
©î Lateral (lat)
©ï Anterior (ant)
©ð Coronal (cor)
©ñ Dorsal
©ò [¡¾ voice]
©ó [¡¾ labial]
©ô [¡¾ sibilant]
©õ [¡¾ tense]
2. Distinctive Features (2)
©ç Distinctive Features: Major classes [Sonorant], [Continuant] and [Consonantal]
04 Phonemes vs. Allophones
1. Finding phonemes and allophones [Distribution of Sounds]
©ç Minimal pairs and contrastive distribution
©è Complementary Distribution
©é Free variation
2. Diacritical Marks
05 Consonant Allophones
1. Aspiration
2. Glottal Stop Replacement [Glottalization]
3. Velar Nasal /©¯/
4. Clear l and Dark l
©ç Velarized /l/ = dark [?]
5. Syllabic Consonants
©ç Syllabic Nasals
©è Syllabic Liquids
06 Syllables
1. The Syllable Structure
2. Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP)
3. Syllabification
4. Phonotactics
©ç Onset constraints
5. Accidental and systematic gaps
07 Stress
1. Word Stress
2. Suffixes
01 Consonants
1. The Vocal Tract
2. Place of Articulation
©ç Bilabial
©è Labiodental
©é Interdental
©ê Alveolar
©ë Palatal
©ì Velar
©í Glottal
3. Manner of Articulation
©ç Stops
©è Fricatives
©é Affricates
©ê Nasals
©ë Liquids
©ì Glides (= Semi-vowels)
02 Vowels
1. Vowels
©ç Tongue Height
©è Tongue Advancement
©é Tenseness
©ê Lip Rounding
2. Diphthongs
03 Distinctive Features
1. Distinctive Features (1)
©ç Syllabic (syl)
©è Sonorant (son)
©é Consonantal (cons)
©ê Continuant (cont)
©ë Strident
©ì Delayed Release
©í Nasal (nas)
©î Lateral (lat)
©ï Anterior (ant)
©ð Coronal (cor)
©ñ Dorsal
©ò [¡¾ voice]
©ó [¡¾ labial]
©ô [¡¾ sibilant]
©õ [¡¾ tense]
2. Distinctive Features (2)
©ç Distinctive Features: Major classes [Sonorant], [Continuant] and [Consonantal]
04 Phonemes vs. Allophones
1. Finding phonemes and allophones [Distribution of Sounds]
©ç Minimal pairs and contrastive distribution
©è Complementary Distribution
©é Free variation
2. Diacritical Marks
05 Consonant Allophones
1. Aspiration
2. Glottal Stop Replacement [Glottalization]
3. Velar Nasal /©¯/
4. Clear l and Dark l
©ç Velarized /l/ = dark [?]
5. Syllabic Consonants
©ç Syllabic Nasals
©è Syllabic Liquids
06 Syllables
1. The Syllable Structure
2. Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP)
3. Syllabification
4. Phonotactics
©ç Onset constraints
5. Accidental and systematic gaps
07 Stress
1. Word Stress
2. Suffixes