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- home > Àι®¡¤Á¤Ä¡¡¤°æÁ¦¡¤Á¾±³ > Çѱ¹¼Ò°³µµ¼ > Çѱ¹¾îÇнÀ > Correct Your Korean: 150 Common Grammar Errors[´Ù¶ô¿ø]
¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÇнÀÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ¿À·ù ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¹è¿öº¸´Â TOPIK ´ëºñ Çѱ¹¾î ¹®¹ý 150!
¡®Correct Your Korean - 150 Common Grammar Errors¡¯´Â ÇнÀÀÚÀÇ ´«³ôÀÌ¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®¹ý »ç¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ¹®ÀåÀ» Åä´ë·Î Á¤È®ÇÑ ¿ë¹ý°ú Àǹ̸¦ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®¹ý ±³ÀçÀÌ´Ù. Ãʱ޿¡¼ Áß±Þ ´Ü°è¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÇнÀÀÚ 800¿© ¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ Æ²¸®´Â ¹®¹ý ¿À·ù¸¦ TOPIK¿¡ ¼ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ 150°³ÀÇ ¹®¹ý »çÇ×À¸·Î ¼±º°ÇÏ¿© Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±âÃÊ ½Ç·ÂÀº ÀÖÀ¸³ª ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¸¹Àº ÇнÀÀÚµéÀÌ ¾²±â, ¸»Çϱâ, Àб⠵¼ ÀÚÁÖ ¹üÇÏ´Â ¿À·ùÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á÷Á¢ ÆľÇÇÏ¿© Çѱ¹¾î ¹®¹ýÀ» º¸´Ù ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çß´Ù.
¡®Correct Your Korean - 150 Common Grammar Errors¡¯´Â ÇнÀÀÚÀÇ ´«³ôÀÌ¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®¹ý »ç¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ¹®ÀåÀ» Åä´ë·Î Á¤È®ÇÑ ¿ë¹ý°ú Àǹ̸¦ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®¹ý ±³ÀçÀÌ´Ù. Ãʱ޿¡¼ Áß±Þ ´Ü°è¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÇнÀÀÚ 800¿© ¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ Æ²¸®´Â ¹®¹ý ¿À·ù¸¦ TOPIK¿¡ ¼ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ 150°³ÀÇ ¹®¹ý »çÇ×À¸·Î ¼±º°ÇÏ¿© Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±âÃÊ ½Ç·ÂÀº ÀÖÀ¸³ª ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¸¹Àº ÇнÀÀÚµéÀÌ ¾²±â, ¸»Çϱâ, Àб⠵¼ ÀÚÁÖ ¹üÇÏ´Â ¿À·ùÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á÷Á¢ ÆľÇÇÏ¿© Çѱ¹¾î ¹®¹ýÀ» º¸´Ù ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çß´Ù.
ÀúÀÚ: ¹ÎÁø¿µ
Preface .............................................................................................. 4
How to Use This Book ........................................................... 6
Contents............................................................................................ 12
01 Á¶»ç Particles
1 °ÝÁ¶»ç Case Particles
¨çÀÌ/°¡ ......................................................................................18
¨èÀ»/¸¦ ......................................................................................20
¨é ¿¡ ............................................................................................22
¨ê¿¡¼ ........................................................................................24
¨ëÀÇ ............................................................................................26
¨ì À¸·Î ........................................................................................28
¨í ¿¡°Ô ........................................................................................30
¨î ó·³ ........................................................................................32
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................34
2 º¸Á¶»ç Auxiliary Particles
¨çÀº/´Â ......................................................................................36
¨èºÎÅÍ ........................................................................................38
¨é ±îÁö ........................................................................................40
¨ê(ÀÌ)³ª .....................................................................................42
3 Á¢¼ÓÁ¶»ç Connective Particles
¨çÇÏ°í ........................................................................................44
¨è¿Í/°ú ......................................................................................46
4 Á¶»ç °áÇÕ Postposition Combinations
¨çÁ¶»ç °áÇÕ ..............................................................................48
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................50
02 ¾î¼ø¤ýÀǹ®»ç¤ýÁ¢¼ÓºÎ»ç
Word Order ¤ý Interrogatives ¤ý Conjunctive Adverbs
1 ¾î¼ø word order
¨ç¾î¼ø ........................................................................................54
2 Àǹ®»ç Interrogatives
¨çÀǹ®»ç ...................................................................................56
3 Á¢¼ÓºÎ»ç Conjunctive Adverbs
¨çÁ¢¼ÓºÎ»ç ...............................................................................58
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................... 60
03 ½ÃÁ¦ Tenses
1 -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤©
¨ç-(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ..............................................................64
2 -¾Ò/¾ú-
¨ç-¾Ò/¾ú- ................................................................................66
3 -(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨ç
¨ç-(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨ç ..............................................................68
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................... 70
04 ºÎÁ¤ Ç¥Çö Negative Statements
1 ¾È/-Áö ¾Ê´Ù
¨ç¾È/-Áö ¾Ê´Ù .........................................................................74
2 ¸ø/-Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù
¨ç¸ø/-Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù ....................................................................76
3 -Áö ¸»´Ù
¨ç-Áö ¸»´Ù ...............................................................................78
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................80
05 ¿¬°á¾î¹Ì Connective Endings
1 ³ª¿¡¤´ëÁ¶¡¤¹è°æ Lists ¤ý Contrasts ¤ý Backgrounds
¨ç-°í ¨ç ...................................................................................84
¨è-(À¸)¸ç ..................................................................................86
¨é -Áö¸¸ .....................................................................................88
¨ê-´Âµ¥ .....................................................................................
¨ë-±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ......................................................................92
¨ì -´Âµ¥µµ ................................................................................94
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................96
2 ½Ã°£¡¤¼øÂ÷Àû Çൿ Time ¤ý Sequential Activities
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¼ ¨ç .........................................................................98
¨è-°í ¨è ................................................................................ 100
¨é -±â Àü¿¡ ............................................................................ 102
¨ê-(À¸)¤¤ ÈÄ¿¡ ..................................................................... 104
¨ë-(À¸)¤© ¶§ ......................................................................... 106
¨ì -(À¸)¸é¼ ........................................................................... 108
¨í -´Â µ¿¾È ............................................................................ 110
¨î -ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ............................................................................. 112
¨ï-ÀÚ ...................................................................................... 114
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 116
3 ÀÌÀ¯¡¤±Ù°Å Reasons ¤ý Basis
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¼ ¨è ...................................................................... 118
¨è-(À¸)´Ï±î ......................................................................... 120
¨é -±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ........................................................................ 122
¨ê(ÀÌ)¶ó¼ .............................................................................. 124
¨ë-´À¶ó°í ............................................................................. 126
¨ì -´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ........................................................................ 128
¨í -(À¸)¤©±î ºÁ(¼) .............................................................. 130
¨î -±æ·¡ .................................................................................. 132
¨ï-(À¸)¤¤/´Â Å¿¿¡ ............................................................. 134
¨ð (À¸)·Î ÀÎÇØ(¼) ................................................................. 136
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................. 138
4 ¸ñÀû¡¤ÀÇÁö Objectives ¤ý Will
¨ç-(À¸)·¯ ............................................................................... 140
¨è-(À¸)·Á°í ........................................................................... 142
¨é -±â À§ÇØ(¼) ..................................................................... 144
¨ê-(À¸)·Á´Ù(°¡) .................................................................... 146
¨ë-µµ·Ï .................................................................................. 148
¨ì -(À¸)¤© Å×´Ï±î ¨ç ........................................................... 150
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 152
5 Á¶°Ç Conditions
¨ç-(À¸)¸é ............................................................................... 154
¨è-(À¸)·Á¸é ........................................................................... 156
¨é -°Åµç .................................................................................. 158
¨ê-¾Æ/¾î¾ß ........................................................................... 160
6 ¼±Åà Selections
¨ç-°Å³ª .................................................................................. 162
¨è-µçÁö .................................................................................. 164
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 166
7 Àüȯ Transitions
¨ç-´Ù(°¡) ............................................................................... 168
¨è-¾Ò/¾ú´Ù(°¡) .................................................................... 170
8 ̧̿ Assumptions
¨ç-(À¸)¤© Å×´Ï(±î) ¨è ........................................................ 172
¨è-(À¸)¤© ÅÙµ¥ ..................................................................... 174
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 176
9 ´ëü¡¤Ãß°¡ Substitutes ¤ý Additions
¨ç-´Â ´ë½Å(¿¡) ..................................................................... 178
¨è-(À¸)¤© »Ó(¸¸) ¾Æ´Ï¶ó .................................................... 180
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â µ¥´Ù(°¡) ........................................................ 182
10 Á¤µµ Degrees
¨ç-(À¸)¸é -(À¸)¤©¼ö·Ï ...................................................... 184
¨è-(À¸)¤© Á¤µµ·Î ................................................................. 186
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ¸¸Å ................................................. 188
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 190
11 °¡Á¤¡¤ÈÄȸ¡¤¼Ò¿ë¾øÀ½ Assumptions ¤ý Regrets ¤ý Futility
¨ç(¾Æ¹«¸®) -¾Æ/¾îµµ ......................................................... 192
¨è-(´À)¤¤´Ù¸é ...................................................................... 194
¨é -¾Ò/¾ú´õ¶ó¸é ................................................................... 196
¨ê-¾Æ/¾î ºÃÀÚ ...................................................................... 198
12 °æÇè Experiences
¨ç-´Ù(°¡) º¸´Ï(±î) .............................................................. 200
¨è-´Ù(°¡) º¸¸é ..................................................................... 202
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 204
13 ȸ»ó Remembrances
¨ç-´ø ...................................................................................... 206
¨è-¾Ò/¾ú´ø ........................................................................... 208
¨é -´øµ¥ .................................................................................. 210
¨ê-´õ´Ï .................................................................................. 212
14 ¼ö´Ü¡¤±âÁØ¡¤ÆÇ´Ü Methods ¤ý Standards ¤ý Judgments
¨ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é ........................................................................... 214
¨è¿¡ ´ëÇØ(¼) ........................................................................ 216
¿À·ù·Î
¨é À»/¸¦ ÅëÇØ(¼) .................................................................. 218
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 220
06 Á¾°á¾î¹Ì Final Endings
1 Á¦¾È Suggestions
¨ç-(À¸)¤©±î¿ä? ¨ç .............................................................. 224
¨è-(À¸)¤©·¡¿ä? .................................................................... 226
2 °èȹ¡¤Àǵµ Plans ¤ý Intentions
¨ç-±â·Î ÇÏ´Ù ........................................................................ 228
¨è-(À¸)·Á°í ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................. 230
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 232
3 ÁøÇà Progress
¨ç-°í ÀÖ´Ù ¨ç ..................................................................... 234
¨è-´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù ........................................................................ 236
¨é -¾Æ/¾î °¡´Ù/¿À´Ù ........................................................... 238
4 °æÇè Experiences
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î º¸´Ù ...................................................................... 240
¨è-(À¸)¤¤ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù/¾ø´Ù ................................................ 242
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 244
5 °¡´É¼º¡¤´É·Â Potential ¤ý Abilities
¨ç-(À¸)¤© ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù/¾ø´Ù .................................................... 246
¨è-(À¸)¤© ÁÙ ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù ................................................ 248
6 Àǹ«¡¤Çã¶ô¡¤±ÝÁö Obligations ¤ý Permissions ¤ý Prohibitions
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................ 250
¨è-¾Æ/¾îµµ µÇ´Ù ................................................................. 252
¨é -(À¸)¸é ¾È µÇ´Ù ............................................................... 254
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 256
7 ÀÇÁö Will
¨ç-°Ú¾î¿ä ............................................................................. 258
¨è-(À¸)¤©°Ô¿ä ...................................................................... 260
¨é -(À¸)¤©·¡¿ä ...................................................................... 262
8 ÃßÃø¡¤Àǹ® Assumptions ¤ý Doubts
¨ç-(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨è ........................................................... 264
¨è-(À¸)¤©±î¿ä? ¨è .............................................................. 266
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© °Í °°´Ù ........................................... 268
¨ê-³ª º¸´Ù ............................................................................ 270
¨ë-´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù ........................................................ 272
¨ì -(À¸)¤©Áö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù ........................................................ 274
¨í -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ÁÙ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù/¸ô¶ú´Ù ........................ 276
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 278
9 ¿Ï·á Completion
¨ç-°í ÀÖ´Ù ¨è ...................................................................... 280
¨è-¾Æ/¾î ÀÖ´Ù ...................................................................... 282
¨é -¾Æ/¾î ¹ö¸®´Ù ................................................................. 284
¨ç-°í ¸»´Ù ............................................................................ 286
10 Èñ¸Á Hopes
¨ç-°í ½Í´Ù ............................................................................ 288
¨è-¾Ò/¾úÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù ........................................................ 290
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 292
11 °Á¶¡¤°¡Á¤¡¤È®ÀÎ Emphasis ¤ý Assumptions ¤ý Confirmations
¨ç¾ó¸¶³ª -´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£´Ù .................................................... 294
¨è-(À¸)¤¤/´Â ¼À Ä¡´Ù ......................................................... 296
¨é -Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä? ..................................................................... 298
12 ÀÌÀ¯ Reasons
¨ç-Àݾƿä ............................................................................. 300
¨è-°Åµç¿ä ............................................................................. 302
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 304
13 º¯È¡¤¼Ó¼º¡¤±×·²µíÇÔ Changes ¤ý Attributes ¤ý Plausibility
¨ç-¾Æ/¾îÁö´Ù ....................................................................... 306
¨è-°Ô µÇ´Ù ............................................................................ 308
¨é -´Â ÆíÀÌ´Ù ........................................................................ 310
¨ê-(À¸)¤¤/´Â ôÇÏ´Ù .......................................................... 312
14 ȸ»ó¡¤ÈÄȸ Retrospection ¤ý Regrets
¨ç-´õ¶ó°í¿ä ......................................................................... 314
¨è-(À¸)¤©°É ±×·¨´Ù ............................................................ 316
15 ¼¼ú¹® Declarative Sentences
¨ç¼¼ú¹® ................................................................................ 318
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 320
07 Àοë Ç¥Çö Quotation Expressions
1 -(´À)¤¤´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(´À)¤¤´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù ............................................................ 324
2 -(´À)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(´À)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................. 326
3 -(À¸)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -ÀÚ°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(À¸)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -ÀÚ°í ÇÏ´Ù ........................................ 328
4 -¾Æ/¾î ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -¾Æ/¾î ´Þ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -¾Æ/¾î ´Þ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù .............. 330
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................ 332
08 Àü¼º¾î¹Ì Transformative Endings
1 -´Â °Í
¨ç-´Â °Í ................................................................................ 336
2 -±â
¨ç-±â ...................................................................................... 338
3 -(À¸)¤±
¨ç-(À¸)¤± ............................................................................... 340
4 -´Â µ¥
¨ç-´Â µ¥ ................................................................................ 342
5 -°Ô
¨ç-°Ô ...................................................................................... 344
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 346
09 Çǵ¿¤ý»çµ¿ Ç¥Çö Passive and Causative Expressions
1 Çǵ¿ Ç¥Çö Passive Expressions
¨çÇǵ¿ Ç¥Çö ........................................................................... 350
2 »çµ¿ Ç¥Çö Causative Expressions
¨ç»çµ¿ Ç¥Çö ........................................................................... 352
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 354
10 ¹®Àå ¼ººÐ È£ÀÀ Sequence of Sentence Constituents
1 ¾ÆÁÖ¡¤º°·Î¡¤°ú¿¬ µî A/V
¨ç¾ÆÁÖ¡¤º°·Î¡¤°ú¿¬ µî A/V ......................................... 358
2 -(À¸)¤¤ Áö NÀÌ/°¡ µÇ´Ù
¨ç-(À¸)¤¤ Áö NÀÌ/°¡ µÇ´Ù ................................................ 360
3 -¾Æ/¾îÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-¾Æ/¾îÇÏ´Ù ....................................................................... 362
4 ¾Æ¹« N
¨ç¾Æ¹« N ............................................................................ 364
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 366
11 Á¸´ñ¸»¤ý¹Ý¸» Honorifics
How to Use This Book ........................................................... 6
Contents............................................................................................ 12
01 Á¶»ç Particles
1 °ÝÁ¶»ç Case Particles
¨çÀÌ/°¡ ......................................................................................18
¨èÀ»/¸¦ ......................................................................................20
¨é ¿¡ ............................................................................................22
¨ê¿¡¼ ........................................................................................24
¨ëÀÇ ............................................................................................26
¨ì À¸·Î ........................................................................................28
¨í ¿¡°Ô ........................................................................................30
¨î ó·³ ........................................................................................32
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................34
2 º¸Á¶»ç Auxiliary Particles
¨çÀº/´Â ......................................................................................36
¨èºÎÅÍ ........................................................................................38
¨é ±îÁö ........................................................................................40
¨ê(ÀÌ)³ª .....................................................................................42
3 Á¢¼ÓÁ¶»ç Connective Particles
¨çÇÏ°í ........................................................................................44
¨è¿Í/°ú ......................................................................................46
4 Á¶»ç °áÇÕ Postposition Combinations
¨çÁ¶»ç °áÇÕ ..............................................................................48
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................50
02 ¾î¼ø¤ýÀǹ®»ç¤ýÁ¢¼ÓºÎ»ç
Word Order ¤ý Interrogatives ¤ý Conjunctive Adverbs
1 ¾î¼ø word order
¨ç¾î¼ø ........................................................................................54
2 Àǹ®»ç Interrogatives
¨çÀǹ®»ç ...................................................................................56
3 Á¢¼ÓºÎ»ç Conjunctive Adverbs
¨çÁ¢¼ÓºÎ»ç ...............................................................................58
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................... 60
03 ½ÃÁ¦ Tenses
1 -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤©
¨ç-(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ..............................................................64
2 -¾Ò/¾ú-
¨ç-¾Ò/¾ú- ................................................................................66
3 -(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨ç
¨ç-(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨ç ..............................................................68
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................... 70
04 ºÎÁ¤ Ç¥Çö Negative Statements
1 ¾È/-Áö ¾Ê´Ù
¨ç¾È/-Áö ¾Ê´Ù .........................................................................74
2 ¸ø/-Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù
¨ç¸ø/-Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù ....................................................................76
3 -Áö ¸»´Ù
¨ç-Áö ¸»´Ù ...............................................................................78
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................80
05 ¿¬°á¾î¹Ì Connective Endings
1 ³ª¿¡¤´ëÁ¶¡¤¹è°æ Lists ¤ý Contrasts ¤ý Backgrounds
¨ç-°í ¨ç ...................................................................................84
¨è-(À¸)¸ç ..................................................................................86
¨é -Áö¸¸ .....................................................................................88
¨ê-´Âµ¥ .....................................................................................
¨ë-±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ......................................................................92
¨ì -´Âµ¥µµ ................................................................................94
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .....................................................................96
2 ½Ã°£¡¤¼øÂ÷Àû Çൿ Time ¤ý Sequential Activities
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¼ ¨ç .........................................................................98
¨è-°í ¨è ................................................................................ 100
¨é -±â Àü¿¡ ............................................................................ 102
¨ê-(À¸)¤¤ ÈÄ¿¡ ..................................................................... 104
¨ë-(À¸)¤© ¶§ ......................................................................... 106
¨ì -(À¸)¸é¼ ........................................................................... 108
¨í -´Â µ¿¾È ............................................................................ 110
¨î -ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ............................................................................. 112
¨ï-ÀÚ ...................................................................................... 114
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 116
3 ÀÌÀ¯¡¤±Ù°Å Reasons ¤ý Basis
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¼ ¨è ...................................................................... 118
¨è-(À¸)´Ï±î ......................................................................... 120
¨é -±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ........................................................................ 122
¨ê(ÀÌ)¶ó¼ .............................................................................. 124
¨ë-´À¶ó°í ............................................................................. 126
¨ì -´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ........................................................................ 128
¨í -(À¸)¤©±î ºÁ(¼) .............................................................. 130
¨î -±æ·¡ .................................................................................. 132
¨ï-(À¸)¤¤/´Â Å¿¿¡ ............................................................. 134
¨ð (À¸)·Î ÀÎÇØ(¼) ................................................................. 136
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................. 138
4 ¸ñÀû¡¤ÀÇÁö Objectives ¤ý Will
¨ç-(À¸)·¯ ............................................................................... 140
¨è-(À¸)·Á°í ........................................................................... 142
¨é -±â À§ÇØ(¼) ..................................................................... 144
¨ê-(À¸)·Á´Ù(°¡) .................................................................... 146
¨ë-µµ·Ï .................................................................................. 148
¨ì -(À¸)¤© Å×´Ï±î ¨ç ........................................................... 150
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 152
5 Á¶°Ç Conditions
¨ç-(À¸)¸é ............................................................................... 154
¨è-(À¸)·Á¸é ........................................................................... 156
¨é -°Åµç .................................................................................. 158
¨ê-¾Æ/¾î¾ß ........................................................................... 160
6 ¼±Åà Selections
¨ç-°Å³ª .................................................................................. 162
¨è-µçÁö .................................................................................. 164
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 166
7 Àüȯ Transitions
¨ç-´Ù(°¡) ............................................................................... 168
¨è-¾Ò/¾ú´Ù(°¡) .................................................................... 170
8 ̧̿ Assumptions
¨ç-(À¸)¤© Å×´Ï(±î) ¨è ........................................................ 172
¨è-(À¸)¤© ÅÙµ¥ ..................................................................... 174
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 176
9 ´ëü¡¤Ãß°¡ Substitutes ¤ý Additions
¨ç-´Â ´ë½Å(¿¡) ..................................................................... 178
¨è-(À¸)¤© »Ó(¸¸) ¾Æ´Ï¶ó .................................................... 180
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â µ¥´Ù(°¡) ........................................................ 182
10 Á¤µµ Degrees
¨ç-(À¸)¸é -(À¸)¤©¼ö·Ï ...................................................... 184
¨è-(À¸)¤© Á¤µµ·Î ................................................................. 186
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ¸¸Å ................................................. 188
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 190
11 °¡Á¤¡¤ÈÄȸ¡¤¼Ò¿ë¾øÀ½ Assumptions ¤ý Regrets ¤ý Futility
¨ç(¾Æ¹«¸®) -¾Æ/¾îµµ ......................................................... 192
¨è-(´À)¤¤´Ù¸é ...................................................................... 194
¨é -¾Ò/¾ú´õ¶ó¸é ................................................................... 196
¨ê-¾Æ/¾î ºÃÀÚ ...................................................................... 198
12 °æÇè Experiences
¨ç-´Ù(°¡) º¸´Ï(±î) .............................................................. 200
¨è-´Ù(°¡) º¸¸é ..................................................................... 202
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 204
13 ȸ»ó Remembrances
¨ç-´ø ...................................................................................... 206
¨è-¾Ò/¾ú´ø ........................................................................... 208
¨é -´øµ¥ .................................................................................. 210
¨ê-´õ´Ï .................................................................................. 212
14 ¼ö´Ü¡¤±âÁØ¡¤ÆÇ´Ü Methods ¤ý Standards ¤ý Judgments
¨ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é ........................................................................... 214
¨è¿¡ ´ëÇØ(¼) ........................................................................ 216
¿À·ù·Î
¨é À»/¸¦ ÅëÇØ(¼) .................................................................. 218
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 220
06 Á¾°á¾î¹Ì Final Endings
1 Á¦¾È Suggestions
¨ç-(À¸)¤©±î¿ä? ¨ç .............................................................. 224
¨è-(À¸)¤©·¡¿ä? .................................................................... 226
2 °èȹ¡¤Àǵµ Plans ¤ý Intentions
¨ç-±â·Î ÇÏ´Ù ........................................................................ 228
¨è-(À¸)·Á°í ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................. 230
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 232
3 ÁøÇà Progress
¨ç-°í ÀÖ´Ù ¨ç ..................................................................... 234
¨è-´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù ........................................................................ 236
¨é -¾Æ/¾î °¡´Ù/¿À´Ù ........................................................... 238
4 °æÇè Experiences
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î º¸´Ù ...................................................................... 240
¨è-(À¸)¤¤ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù/¾ø´Ù ................................................ 242
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 244
5 °¡´É¼º¡¤´É·Â Potential ¤ý Abilities
¨ç-(À¸)¤© ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù/¾ø´Ù .................................................... 246
¨è-(À¸)¤© ÁÙ ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù ................................................ 248
6 Àǹ«¡¤Çã¶ô¡¤±ÝÁö Obligations ¤ý Permissions ¤ý Prohibitions
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................ 250
¨è-¾Æ/¾îµµ µÇ´Ù ................................................................. 252
¨é -(À¸)¸é ¾È µÇ´Ù ............................................................... 254
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 256
7 ÀÇÁö Will
¨ç-°Ú¾î¿ä ............................................................................. 258
¨è-(À¸)¤©°Ô¿ä ...................................................................... 260
¨é -(À¸)¤©·¡¿ä ...................................................................... 262
8 ÃßÃø¡¤Àǹ® Assumptions ¤ý Doubts
¨ç-(À¸)¤© °Å¿¹¿ä ¨è ........................................................... 264
¨è-(À¸)¤©±î¿ä? ¨è .............................................................. 266
¨é -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© °Í °°´Ù ........................................... 268
¨ê-³ª º¸´Ù ............................................................................ 270
¨ë-´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù ........................................................ 272
¨ì -(À¸)¤©Áö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù ........................................................ 274
¨í -(À¸)¤¤/´Â/(À¸)¤© ÁÙ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù/¸ô¶ú´Ù ........................ 276
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 278
9 ¿Ï·á Completion
¨ç-°í ÀÖ´Ù ¨è ...................................................................... 280
¨è-¾Æ/¾î ÀÖ´Ù ...................................................................... 282
¨é -¾Æ/¾î ¹ö¸®´Ù ................................................................. 284
¨ç-°í ¸»´Ù ............................................................................ 286
10 Èñ¸Á Hopes
¨ç-°í ½Í´Ù ............................................................................ 288
¨è-¾Ò/¾úÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù ........................................................ 290
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 292
11 °Á¶¡¤°¡Á¤¡¤È®ÀÎ Emphasis ¤ý Assumptions ¤ý Confirmations
¨ç¾ó¸¶³ª -´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£´Ù .................................................... 294
¨è-(À¸)¤¤/´Â ¼À Ä¡´Ù ......................................................... 296
¨é -Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä? ..................................................................... 298
12 ÀÌÀ¯ Reasons
¨ç-Àݾƿä ............................................................................. 300
¨è-°Åµç¿ä ............................................................................. 302
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 304
13 º¯È¡¤¼Ó¼º¡¤±×·²µíÇÔ Changes ¤ý Attributes ¤ý Plausibility
¨ç-¾Æ/¾îÁö´Ù ....................................................................... 306
¨è-°Ô µÇ´Ù ............................................................................ 308
¨é -´Â ÆíÀÌ´Ù ........................................................................ 310
¨ê-(À¸)¤¤/´Â ôÇÏ´Ù .......................................................... 312
14 ȸ»ó¡¤ÈÄȸ Retrospection ¤ý Regrets
¨ç-´õ¶ó°í¿ä ......................................................................... 314
¨è-(À¸)¤©°É ±×·¨´Ù ............................................................ 316
15 ¼¼ú¹® Declarative Sentences
¨ç¼¼ú¹® ................................................................................ 318
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 320
07 Àοë Ç¥Çö Quotation Expressions
1 -(´À)¤¤´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(´À)¤¤´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù ............................................................ 324
2 -(´À)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(´À)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù ................................................................. 326
3 -(À¸)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -ÀÚ°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-(À¸)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -ÀÚ°í ÇÏ´Ù ........................................ 328
4 -¾Æ/¾î ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -¾Æ/¾î ´Þ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-¾Æ/¾î ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù, -¾Æ/¾î ´Þ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù .............. 330
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup ................................................................ 332
08 Àü¼º¾î¹Ì Transformative Endings
1 -´Â °Í
¨ç-´Â °Í ................................................................................ 336
2 -±â
¨ç-±â ...................................................................................... 338
3 -(À¸)¤±
¨ç-(À¸)¤± ............................................................................... 340
4 -´Â µ¥
¨ç-´Â µ¥ ................................................................................ 342
5 -°Ô
¨ç-°Ô ...................................................................................... 344
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 346
09 Çǵ¿¤ý»çµ¿ Ç¥Çö Passive and Causative Expressions
1 Çǵ¿ Ç¥Çö Passive Expressions
¨çÇǵ¿ Ç¥Çö ........................................................................... 350
2 »çµ¿ Ç¥Çö Causative Expressions
¨ç»çµ¿ Ç¥Çö ........................................................................... 352
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 354
10 ¹®Àå ¼ººÐ È£ÀÀ Sequence of Sentence Constituents
1 ¾ÆÁÖ¡¤º°·Î¡¤°ú¿¬ µî A/V
¨ç¾ÆÁÖ¡¤º°·Î¡¤°ú¿¬ µî A/V ......................................... 358
2 -(À¸)¤¤ Áö NÀÌ/°¡ µÇ´Ù
¨ç-(À¸)¤¤ Áö NÀÌ/°¡ µÇ´Ù ................................................ 360
3 -¾Æ/¾îÇÏ´Ù
¨ç-¾Æ/¾îÇÏ´Ù ....................................................................... 362
4 ¾Æ¹« N
¨ç¾Æ¹« N ............................................................................ 364
È®ÀÎ Æò°¡ Checkup .................................................................. 366
11 Á¸´ñ¸»¤ý¹Ý¸» Honorifics